Protecting species is everyone’s job

VICTORIA – The lamentations began even before B.C.’s sweeping report on the state of its natural environment was released last week. The usual leaks from organized critic groups to friendly media laid the spin down for the city folks: nice scientific work and pretty maps but no endangered species law, so it’s logging as usual.

The poster animals for the environmental movement are well known: spotted owl, mountain caribou. A closer look at those reveals the complexity of the issues involved.

Spotted owl habitat was set aside in 1997, but despite that the numbers in B.C. have fallen so low that a captive breeding program was set up. Green activists say ‘it’s the logging, stupid,’ but in fact one of the key problems found in a decade of intensive study is that the owls haven’t chosen to occupy some of the protected areas. One reason is barred owls pushing them out. And it’s not often mentioned that B.C. is actually the extreme northern fringe of continent-long natural range for spotted owls.

Shifting protected areas is one delicate issue ahead; “managing” barred owls is another. That will be criticized by the same activists who give this species disproportionate attention.

Mountain caribou are probably B.C.’s most intensively studied animals, and here at least we have most of the world population. Key areas were protected in 2007 after the population fell below 2,000 and two small herds disappeared, but land clearing has shifted the whole predator-prey balance, and B.C. is now resorting to “managing” cougars and wolves and relocating herds to maintain viable breeding populations.

There is plenty of good news in the 300-page report, entitled Taking Nature’s Pulse: the Status of Biodiversity in British Columbia. Overall the pulse is strong, starting with the observation that human activity impacts a relatively tiny portion of the province’s vast land area. About nine per cent of B.C.’s total land area has been logged since the 1970s, although almost all the coastal Douglas fir zone had already been harvested before then.

Glacial refugia created a rich variation in freshwater fish, including exotics like the Salish sucker and the Nooksack dace, nurtured in the Chehalis zone after swimming up from Puget Sound. On the downside, about 66,000 stream crossings were built in B.C. between 2000 and 2005, and research suggests many of those created culvert drop-offs that are impassable barriers for fish.

Alien species are another growing problem, from purple loosestrife to European starlings unleashed by early Shakespeare buffs. Sitka blacktail deer were introduced to Haida Gwaii in the late 1800s and overran the place. The report notes that they have “dramatically altered the ecology of entire rainforest systems, with deleterious impacts on many species.”

The worst threat to B.C.’s biodiversity, the report says, is climate change. Tracking data from 1971 onward, it projects major warming effects by 2050. This informs the provincial government’s strategy to sort at-risk species in a kind of triage, selecting those that need direct intervention from those less urgent. If warming takes place as expected, the shifts in forest type, wetland and elevation zones may make biologists long for the days of arguing over clearcut logging.

It may seem contradictory that while undertaking one of the biggest efforts anywhere to study and protect the environment, the B.C. government is also advertising for more people to visit parks and get out fishing. Yet this might be more important to biodiversity than difficult-to-enforce endangered species laws.

In this vast place of personal freedom, imposing some sort of green martial law may be impossible as well as unwise.

Only individual pride in our environment can ensure lasting protection.

Individual action works

The Land Conservancy just gave 65 hectares of older second-growth Douglas fir forest to the Capital Regional District, expanding Mount Work regional park.

Both Coastal and Interior Douglas fir biogeoclimatic zones are top priorities for retention and recovery, along with the Ponderosa pine and bunchgrass zones. Together the four zones account for only five per cent of B.C.’s total area, but a much larger share of its logging and ranching history.

Hand-wringing continues over the conversion of private forest land to development, the impact of which would be far less than industrial forestry.

Accepting that private property laws are part of the solution, not the problem, the Land Conservancy is doing targeted, lasting work.

If I ever get my climate action dividend cheque, I’m sending it to them.

Tom Fletcher is legislative reporter and columnist for Black Press newspapers. tfletcher@blackpress.ca.